Glossary 5-ASA 5-aminosalicylic acid UC ulcerative colitis TCM traditional Chinese medicine NF-B nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase TNF- tumor necrosis factor-alpha IL interleukin (e.g., IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) CRP C-reactive protein Hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein DAI disease activity index MHC-II major histocompatibility complex class II STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription (e.g., STAT3, STAT6) Th T helper cell (e.g., Th1, Th2) CB cannabinoid receptor (e.g., CB1, CB2) GPR35 G protein-coupled receptor 35 sIgA secretory immunoglobulin A SCFAs short-chain fatty acids MUC-2 mucin 2 ZO-1 zonula occludens-1 TLR Toll-like receptor MDA malondialdehyde SOD superoxide dismutase GPx glutathione peroxidase GSH glutathione ROS reactive oxygen species MPO myeloperoxidase LPS lipopolysaccharide MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9 eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor PLT platelets MPV mean platelet volume IPA indole-3-propionic acid IAA indole-3-acetic acid AhR aryl hydrocarbon receptor PXR pregnane X receptor BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor TrkB tropomyosin receptor kinase B p75NTR p75 neurotrophin receptor RCT randomized controlled trial GI gastrointestinal References 1 Ahmed NajarI.SharmaA.AlshammariA.AlbekairiT
GSH levels were significantly decreased at 200800 days after 1- and 3-Gy, and 100700 days after 5-Gy irradiation compared with the 0-Gy group (Fig
Problems with liver enzymes Overusing glutathione can change liver enzymes or hide problems with the liver because it affects the processes that detoxify the liver
Conversely, the CBBBP peptide alone demonstrated a less marked effect, indicating that the primary therapeutic benefits are attributable to the DSIP component
