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Preclinical investigations have showcased the plants capacity to modulate mitochondrial function and apoptosis, as well as mitigate inflammation through the inhibition of inflammatory markers such as cytokines (including IL-6 and TNF-), nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species

In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs due to copper deficiency via an increase in the expression of other mitochondria-associated protein molecules (46)

Plant Biol 2000:133166 Batushansky A, Kirma M, Grillich N, Pham PA, Rentsch D, Galili G, Fernie AR, Fait A (2015) The transporter GAT1 plays an important role in GABA-mediated carbon-nitrogen interactions in Arabidopsis

In addition, numerous studies have shown that PTMs of these IRDs can affect variations in covalent, noncovalent, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions