penn state electronic cigarette dependence index Vaping Assessment Questionnaire | PDF | Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youth:

Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youth: Understanding Unique Risks in a Vulnerable Population PMC Using the Penn State Nicotine Dependence Index (possible range 020), #ecig dependence increased slightly through Week 4 and then declined. At all timepoints, ecig dependence was significantly lower than combustible cigarette dependence. Development and initial validation of a new self report measure to assess perceived dependence on tobacco and nicotine products Scientific Reports Yes, We Should Be Concerned About the Health Effects of Vaping

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