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Acne, a prevalent skin condition, impacts millions globally, especially during adolescence and early adulthood

Acta Pharmacol Sin

In addition, CCL2 and CCL5 are considered to be the two main chemokines of TAMs, which responsible for attracting TAMs infiltration and inducing its polarization towards the oncogenic M2 phenotype whereas blocking CCL2 and CCL5 can block the occurrence of this phenomenon (52, 53), such as the mRNA encoding BisCCL2/5i encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle platform can block both CCL2 and CCL5 signaling thereby significantly inducing TAMs to the anti-tumor M1 phenotype polarization and reversing immunosuppression in the TME (54)

210,211 Mechanistically, IRF8 binds interferon-stimulated response elements in the promoters of key ATGs, including ATG5, ATG7, MAP1LC3B , and BECN1 , thereby increasing autophagosome formation