Common physical symptoms of panic attacks include: Cardiovascular symptoms : Rapid or pounding heartbeat (palpitations), chest pain or tightness, and feelings of the heart racing Respiratory symptoms : Shortness of breath, hyperventilation, or sensations of choking or being unable to breathe properly Neurological symptoms : Dizziness, light-headedness, feeling faint, or experiencing tingling sensations (paraesthesia) in the hands, feet, or face Gastrointestinal symptoms : Nausea, abdominal discomfort, or upset stomach Temperature dysregulation : Sweating, hot flushes, or chills Psychological symptoms often accompany the physical manifestations: Intense fear of losing control or "going mad" Fear of dying or having a heart attack Feelings of unreality (derealisation) or detachment from oneself (depersonalisation) Overwhelming sense of dread or impending doom Panic attacks typically last between 5 and 20 minutes, though the after-effects may persist longer
Therefore, if flash glucose monitoring is used for screening for prediabetes, individuals with greater glucose variability may have a higher incidence of neuropathy and retinopathy due to factors such as increased oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and inflammatory cytokine generation
Endocrinology 133 , 631638 (1993)
Manassas, Va., USA) were seeded at a density of 2103 cells per well in 96-well plates, cultured with standard culture media [DMEM, 4.5 g/L glucose, L-glutamine, sodium pyruvate (Mediatech Inc
