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However, under pathological conditions, the high ATP concentration in the TME causes AMP deaminase (AMPD) to convert AMP into inosine monophosphate (IMP), which in turn is dephosphorylated by 5-NT/CD73 into inosine (INO) (Figure 1)

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At a glance, the table underscores the throughline of this entire comparison: none of these three compounds substitutes for another, because each is anchored to a different level of biological activity cellular, mitochondrial, and endocrine, respectively