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The origin of the quantified ROS-induced macromolecular damage in humans is hardly attributable to a single source, such as smoking

This effect on blood clots is important because we know that in the long-term this can lead to clogged up and narrower blood vessels, and that of course puts people at risk of heart attacks and strokes. Jonathan Grigg, who was not involved in the research, is Chair of the European Respiratory Society Tobacco Control Committee and Professor of Paediatric Respiratory and Environmental Medicine at Queen Mary University of London, UK

It is about making the invisible visible so that systemic solutions become unavoidable