Dendritic cells (DCs) and alveolar macrophages phagocytose the virus-infected epithelial cells, followed by an immunosuppressive response characterized by lymphopenia, low CD4 and CD8 T cell counts and therefore an increased risk of bacterial infection [9], [10], [11]
Under pathological conditions, the double injury of increased MG production and decreased MG degradation in renal tissues leads to the accumulation of this toxic metabolite, which may further exacerbate renal injury
Notably, Chac1 expression was significantly downregulated by approximately 95% as early as 3 hours after refeeding, and this suppression persisted for at least 12 hours (Figure 6A)
In plants, vitamin C has roles in processes such as growth, programmed cell death, pathogen responses, hormone responses, flowering, and senescence, as well as protection against environmental stresses [15]