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Similarly, a 2017 study reported an association between heavy cannabis use, low bone density, and increased fracture risk

He added: It just seems intuitively true that if you irritate the lining of your lungs, you set yourself up for trouble in a disease that happens to cause most of its mortality by attacking your lungs. Cannabis sales in California have been booming during the pandemic, and Grinspoon said many patients are using it to treat anxiety likely exacerbated by the public health crisis

Positively framed messages highlighting the benefits of quitting smoking and enhancing self-efficacy could be more effective in driving behavior change

In addition, first-generation and advanced users did not differ in baseline exhaled CO, e-cigarette dependence, or concentration of nicotine used in the e-liquid