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Mitochondria are central to cellular energy production, and their function is intimately linked with ROS generation

The current clinical evidence of intravenous glutathione for skin lightening is limited to a single study with a dubious study design and apparently flawed analysis of results, casting doubt on the drug's efficacy and reported adverse effects, with no evidence to prove its efficacy.There was only one placebo-controlled study on intravenous glutathione showing 37.5% response versus 18.7% placebo, and IV glutathione is contraindicated due to lack of efficacy and side effects

and (3) the overall cellular deficiency of ISCs

References: AGS (2023): American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults