Evolving concepts and translational relevance of enteroendocrine cell biology
[47] The ( FDA 510(k) summary for the VersaVue TM Single-Use Flexible Cystoscope stated that both devices have the same intended use and similar specifications, and that there are no significant differences
Intestinal microbiota of mice influences resistance to staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
she gets a small energy bump but also new motor problems and worse dizziness Mitochondrial testing later showed she had blockages exactly where thiamine megadosing was trying to push traffic, so she basically created a biochemical traffic jam He says if people insist on megadoses, they should at least track glucose, ketones, and lactate at home, and immediately stop if lactate spikes His alternative move would have been using nutritional yeast (high in thiamine) as food, which ramps things up more slowly and with support from other nutrients Iodine, salt, and thyroid basics He breaks down thyroid hormone: it is made from the amino acid tyrosine plus iodine, so you need enough protein and iodine to even build it Learn more about thyroid function in these notes Medicine thought iodine deficiency was solved with iodized salt, then everyone got told to eat low salt for blood pressure, and iodine intake quietly cratered again He mentions a cardiologist seeing goiters reappear in the Midwest because no one thinks of iodine deficiency anymore Iodine from plants is inconsistent because soil levels vary, but seafood is reliably iodine-rich thanks to rainfall carrying minerals into the ocean You should be eating seafood in order to get iodine. Selenium, antioxidants, and protecting the thyroid Selenium is important for glutathione-related enzymes that protect the thyroid from oxidative damage, as it makes a hormone, which is a messy process Trials show selenium can reduce thyroid autoantibodies in Hashimotos, which probably works by reducing tissue damage that triggers the immune system Other antioxidants like vitamin C, zinc, copper, manganese, and even iron (in the right amounts) also matter to keep thyroid tissue from being wrecked by oxidative stress Nattokinase, clots, and what plaques really are Nattokinase is an enzyme that breaks down blood clots, originally coming from natto, a fermented soy food Atherosclerosis has to do with the immune system quarantining damaged lipoprotein particles, which are damaged because they are loaded with fragile seed oils, and you have lost antioxidant defense Plaques are the immune system trying to wall off this toxic mess, but they are very inflammatory and dangerous if they rupture Heart attacks usually happen when a plaque cap tears and a clot forms on top, fully blocking the artery, not from plaque slowly narrowing the vessel like a pipe clogging Nattokinase could help in 2 ways: people who tend to clot easily or have bad atherosclerosis might continuously form small clots, and nattokinase can help dissolve those before they cause a full-on stroke or heart attack Downside is maybe more bleeding from cuts, upside is dissolving dangerous clots quickly if you are in that risk group Seed oils, long trials, and buried data Most seed oil defenders cite 712 week trials, while ignoring older, long-term trials that ran 5+ years and actually measured heart attacks and deaths In the LA Veterans trial, seed oils lowered heart disease risk early on, but after several years, cancer started going up, and total mortality only clearly favored the nonseed oil group once you looked past 8 years The Minnesota Coronary Survey originally said seed oils increased heart disease by about 8% but was not significant, and they mentioned measuring atherosclerosis, but never published it Decades later, researchers found boxes of old data in the lead investigators basement showing the seed-oil group had roughly double the atherosclerosis, and that every 35 mg/dL drop in cholesterol was actually linked to ~30% more heart disease in that context Mechanism-wise, seed oils pack LDL with polyunsaturated fats that oxidize easily
