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Because vitamin B12 is found primarily in animal products, people who follow vegetarian or vegan diets are at increased risk of deficiency, says Lauren Manaker, a registered dietitian and owner of Nutrition Now Counseling

Surprisingly, a systematic review published in Gastroenterology highlighted that digestive diseases accounted for more than one-third of all diseases globally in 2019, highlighting the enormous challenge associated with their treatment [76]

Each delivery route has practical differences beyond clinical efficacy that may influence which option is best for a given patient

Vitamin B12 is one of eight B-vitamins, which are critical for cell metabolism and the synthesis (AKA creation) of red blood cells