l-carnitine and ammonia levels Carnitine and/or Acetylcarnitine Deficiency as a Cause of Higher of - Maldonado - 2016 - BioMed Research International Usefulness of Carnitine Supplementation for

Abbreviations AAA: Abdominal aortic aneurysm AAD: Acute aortic dissection AAS: Acute thoracic aortic syndromes AAV: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis ABCA1: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 ACE1: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 AD: Aortic dissection ADMA: Asymmetric dimethylarginine AdoMet: S-Adenosyl-l-methionine Adrb1: 1-adrenergic receptor gene ANP: Atrial natriuretic peptide AP1: Activating protein 1 BMPR2: Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide cGMP: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate DNMT1: DNA methyltransferase 1 ECM: Extracellular matrix ECs: Endothelial cells eNOS: Endothelial NO synthase ET-1: Endothelin HAECs: Human aortic endothelial cells HDMTs: Histone demethylases HHcy: Hyperhomocysteinemia HMT: Histone methyltransferase HSD11B2: Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-112 enzyme ICAM1: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 IMH: Intramural hematoma JMJD2B: Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B LDL: Low-density lipoprotein LRP6: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 LSD1: Lysine-specific demethylase-1 MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 MeCP2: Methyl CpG-binding protein-2 MEF2: Myocyte enhancing factor-2 MMA: Monomethylation mPAP: Mean pulmonary artery pressure MPO: Myeloperoxidase MRTF-A: Myocardin-related transcription factor A Nox4: NADPH oxidase 4 PAH: Pulmonary arterial hypertension PASMCs: Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells PAU: Penetrating aortic ulcer PBM: Peripheral blood monocytes PCBs: Polychlorinated biphenyls PCWP: Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure PH: Pulmonary hypertension PHF8: Plant homeodomain finger protein 8 PKA: Protein kinase A PKMTs: Protein lysine methyltransferases PlGF: Placental growth factor PR3: Proteinase 3 PRC2: Polycomb repressive complex 2 PRMTs: Protein arginine methyltransferases RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ROS: Reactive oxygen species SAH: S-adenosylhomocysteine SDMA: Symmetric dimethylarginine SET: Suppressor of variegation, enhancer of Zeste, Trithorax SET1: Suv, Ez, and Trithorax domain 1 SHR: Spontaneously hypertensive rat SMCs: Smooth muscle cells TAAs: Thoracic aortic aneurysms TAC: Transverse aortic constriction VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor References Majesky MW

Initially, the pancreas compensates for insulin resistance by increasing insulin production

The coagulation and immune systems are directly linked through the activation of interleukin-1 by thrombin

5-hydroxymethylcytosine marks regions with reduced mutation frequency in human DNA