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A Reality Check on Concerns about Dual Use The main conclusion from our analysis is that, over the past 10 years, the US population has shifted from the most harmful form of nicotine consumption to a much lower-risk one, all while the overall demand for nicotine has remained approximately stable

Competitive Enterprise Institute senior fellow Ryan Young agrees

Clin Sci (Lond) 130:19291937 van der Toorn M, Sewer A, Marescotti D, Johne S, Baumer K, Bornand D, Dulize R, Merg C, Corciulo M, Scotti E, Pak C, Leroy P, Guedj E, Ivanov NV, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Luettich K (2018) The biological effects of long-term exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to total particulate matter from a candidate modified-risk tobacco product

The first is through the application of cigarette-smoke condensates to skin